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I enjoyed Humphries’ article, but every time I hear the adjective “innovation” applied to a financial concept, I reach for my gun.
I cackled when, in reference to a world without title insurance, that loan balances “would be a small fraction of what they are today.” It is cruel to tease us with such a delightful vision; one which the government and our corporate masters will never permit to become reality.
The securitization of mortgages certainly made the issuing bank care less about the quality of the borrower, if they were planning to sell the mortgage from the get go. They earn their fees upfront risk-free; the risk goes to the mortgage buyer. This is an incentive to give loans to anybody and everybody, which is what happened. And, since loans were available to anybody and everybody, demand increased, which meant prices increased. But since the borrowers were anybody and everybody, lots defaulted, and then YOU ARE HERE.
Or, to put it another way: The securitization of mortgages was the major cause of the clusterfuck of an economy that we currently have.
It can be a reality if you want it to be right now. Unfortunately for you, the odds of achieving that in California are stacked against you. But in more sane areas of the country, it is definitely still possible.
Yes indeed:
“Ok, let’s be honest, it probably benefitted too many consumers during the bubble, lots of whom got mortgages because the money was there courtesy of securitization while the people approving the mortgages weren’t aware enough of the potential risks.”
Bass-ackwards! The benefits went to the securitization people, who created enormous pools of debt that they could sell, borrow against and bet against, while generating fees and commissions at every step. Consumers got inflated house prices, and employers crushed out of existence when the debt used to buy them was then transferred onto their books.
“If the MERS approach doesn’t survive, I’d be gravely concerned for the near-term stabilization of the housing market and for the long-term viability of mortgage securitization.”
Ending the viability of mortgage securitization makes a delay in the near-term stabilization of the housing market look like a price worth paying.
I’ll try not to get too much into the legal discussion of MERS. I’ll leave it at the fact that MERS has repeatedly been recognized as legal and legitimate in court rulings (many of which I was involved in as a representative for MERS).
I’ll touch on the broader policy implications of actually finding MERS as “illegal” or as an illegitimate wasy of tracking assignments.
IF, and that’s a big IF, MERS was somehow found to be illegal or an illegitimate way to track mortgage assignments, I can’t imagine that we don’t get a congressional fix.
Is the country really going to throw out over 60 million mortgages and leave them effectively unenforceable? You want to talk about the destruction of wealth (or perhaps calling it a transfer of wealth might be more appropriate). At that point, doesn’t someone in congress stand up and say that we need to enact legislation that recognizes the legitimacy of this system? (I’m not looking to get into a discussion about federalism and state’s rights under the constitution, but I’m confident that congress would have the authority to legally enact such legislation).
Faced with the choice of giving 60 million borrowers a free home, or enacting legislation that leaves security interests intact and enforecable (as was understood at the time people were borrowing money to buy their property), I think that congress would step in and preserve the enforceability of those mortgages. But, I could be wrong. 60 million borrowers (voters) make quite a faction. Should that happen, we will be headed for Thunderdome.
Well, if it is found illegal, there is a fix-unwind every transaction that took place via it and use the old fashioned system. That is almost certainly what would occur-I don’t think Congress will want to or be able to get involved. The “Twlight Zone” judicial opinion certainly leaned towards it being illegal. I suspect it will be found legal in some jurstictions and illegal in others.
Certainly, unwinding transactions and seeking judicial intervention (reconstruction of the assignment chain) is another possible solution. I just don’t know how practical this is with respect to more than 60 million individual pieces of property.
Needless to say, that sort of thing couldn’t be done in a month or two or three or fifty.
I think the most efficient fix would be through the legislative process. Perhaps we don’t want to federalize this and there are solid arguments against going down that road. At the end of the day, I think it would still be the most efficient way to restore all the parties to their original positions and their understandings (I loan you money, you pay it back, if you don’t, I will foreclose) at the time the original transaction was consumated.
Honcho
That is brilliant! Lets have Congress create a law that reinstates everyone’s 401 K, everyone’s down payment, and now when ever a company goes bankrupt the investors don’t loose any money, lets have a bailout for everyone because we don’t want a “wealth transfer”. Except maybe from the tax payer. Brilliant!
That was the great thing about our legal system and society. If you did something illegal you lost your rights. You would loose your money, property, or freedom. It was not always fair but you always knew the rules. But I think you are right we should throw that out the window. Brilliant!
I am not proposing any such “bailout.” I’m simply proposing a legislative fix that would restore the parties to their bargained for positions (I loan you money, you pay me back, if you don’t I will foreclose).
A legislative fix would simply recognize the reality of modern day property law and securitization.
Again, this is only needed if, and only if, MERS is somehow found to be “illegal.” I haven’t seen any court come close to making that determination.
If they do not have the right to foreclose they should loose any monies they invested because they do not own the property or own a right to foreclose on the property, they bought a worthless piece of paper. Making a law to make some thing legal after it is found to be illegal is just a bailout.
I assume you are arguing just to argue, or you didn’t read or comprehend what I wrote. I’ll try again if the later is true.
The legislative fix I proposed will be the most efficient way to restore the parties to their bargained for positions. Certainly, if MERS were to be found illegal nad they had to go back and seek judicial confirmation of each assignment, the parties would be back in the same spot of their original understanding and agreement. However, the time and costs associated with doing that over 60 million times seems rather ridiculous.
The MERS system has not destroyed any security interest in the property. The assignments took place. Whether you get someone to recognize the assignment and transfer within the mortgage system or have a court recognize it later doesn’t matter. No one is escaping their debt obligation.
Sorry Honcho, I concur with christian..
Banks are supposed to be sophisticated investors. As such, they are supposed to know the difference betwen trading paper and trading real property. MERs turns property into paper. That’s fine, but it needs to be turned back into property before you can forclose on someone. If the banks lose money on this, so what, they should have known better. I can’t see the legisture getting involved unless the bankers pay individual legislators to do something. Oh wait, the bankers due pay off the legislators, oh well, I guess there will be legislative “fix” <sarcasm off>
Totally ok to disagree with my proposed solution. I simply think it would be a tremendous waste of time/money/resources of the courts and the parties to fix this with respect to over 60 million individual pieces of property.
Again, I think MERS was a legit system, and so far, courts seem to agree.
Honcho, the MERS system certainly doesn’t sound legit based on my layman’s understanding, but I agree that national legislation sounds like the most likely scenario If it’s found to be invalid.
Thanks much for posting, and for identifying yourself as a MERS representative—always great to get a bit of inside scoop / opinion from an industry professional on these things.
Just to clarify, I’m not a MERS representative. I represented MERS in a number of lawsuits in which it was a defendant.
I understand that you are looking to find justice in the fastest and cheapest way and I think that we are all trying to solve the problem, But I do not always believe that justice is “easy” If MERS is illegal then the people selling the securitizations were committing fraud. Some one owns the mortgage and only they are allowed to foreclose because that is the law. They may have tried to sell the mortgage but if the way they sold it is illegal, it was not sold and they still own it. So the owner forecloses and they owner pays the investors for the losses from the fraud. The homeowner gets foreclosed on. The loan owner looses money and the investors get their money back. It will be long and drawn out but it will follow the system we have and that works. I think we need to stop taking shortcuts with the law.
A U. of Utah prof brought the house down at the summer American Bar Assoc Conference by giving a speech titled “MERS is Bull Shit.” In front of an audience of 300+ financial services attorneys whose income is derived from banks, this prof methodically went through the MERS BS and after every point, repeated “MERS is Bull Shit.” It was classic.
I’m really trying to understand this paperwork mess but let me throw a question out there with regards to the me, you and Sally analogy. I thought that part of the problem was that I didn’t just sell the 123 Main Street mortgage to you, but I bundled a bunch of ‘em together and sold you a batch and Billy a batch and Tommy a batch. Now when you go to foreclose on 123 Main Street, you in fact own one-third of the mortgage and Tommy and Billy own part of the mortgage….. so the resident at 123 Main is gonna claim that you don’t own all of the loan so you can’t kick ‘em out….. am I wrong? In other words, could one mortgage be chopped into many pieces and sold, or can mortgages only be sold whole?
Naive question from a guy just trying to figure it out….
Doesn’t the Depository Trust Company perform a similar function for corporate securities? What is the big deal? Someone acts as a central nominee to speed up and simplify the title transfer process.
Exactly….
Not exactly…
Corporate securities are paper, no one can be foreclosed on, there is no real gold behind the paper, just promises…
That’s the big deal…
There is a big difference between owning bars of gold and paper stock in a gold mine…
Honcho is confusing real with virtual..
Hence my proposed legislative fix, iF MERS were found to be illegitimate.
I just don’t see how the borrowers are harmed by all this. They know the lender may assign its position. Why does it matter if the assignment is through a nominee and is disclosed later, if necessary, at the time of foreclosure?
The borrowers are not harmed. If fact, they explicitly agree to it in their mortgage documents.
They aren’t harmed-it’s just a legal gimmick to allow people to stay on the free rent program for awhile. It truly is a paperwork matter; the home owner has stopped paying, so somebody certainly has the right to foreclose.
Geotpf nailed it.
It is not as though MERS just rolled out during the bubble - it has been around since the 90’s. It took some Government stooges 15 years to suddenly call into question its legality?
Oh, when the money was flowing all was well then some hopeless house debtors stop paying the mortgage and get foreclosed by some robo-signers and all of a sudden its all illegal.
WHATEVER.
It seems to me that MERS does an end run around the official and legal registration system of mortgages.
It is one thing for a Title Insurance Company do duplicate the official records, but organize it better making it more searchable and accessable.
But MERS has many transactions that are not in the officaial registry. This seems to usurp the role of government and put control in the hands of a private company that is owned by the government.
It’s like a shadow government of some kind.
It seems to me that MERS does an end run around the official and legal registration system of mortgages.
It is one thing for a Title Insurance Company to duplicate the official records, and then organize it better making it more searchable and accessable.
But MERS has many transactions that are not in the officaial registry. You can’t just go to the the official county registry to see who owns what. The must be only one primary source of information.
MERS seems to usurp the role of government and put control in the hands of a private company that is owned by the the lenders. It’s like a shadow government of some kind.
Let me try to reword my concern with MERS.
There can be only one official place to register all these real estate transactions. If there was more than one, what happens when they don’t match. Which would be deemed correct? So clearly there has to be only one official registry. There can be duplicates, but they should reflect what the one official one holds.
Now who has the authority to keep these official records? Isn’t it the local governments, like all the counties in every state?
Now maybe, if it wanted to, a county could assign the responsible for record keeping to some private firm like MERS. Or maybe not. I don’t know.
MERS is acting like they are the one official registry for all these mortgage transactions. But who granted them the authority to be the official registry?
Assignments of the mortgage can be made outside of the official land records. I don’t think that anyone has claimed that asignments are not valid if they are not recorded.
First I must thank IR for addressing this issue, while it may be his cuppa tea I do appreciate him giving it some attention.
Second it’s time to add that I do not give a damn about the HELOC abusers who gamed the system nor for the banksters who knew beforehand their customers could never repay their loans, not sure Dante had a circle especially for them but a revision would.
Third, I am one of the few with a paid-off mortgage and what pressed me to comment on this MERS garbage is that by the very nature of the MERS process the title to the real estate I thought (and could pre-MERS prove) thaat I owned is now in question. And that is unacceptable. And those of you who are militant capitalists should be screaming in pain as the ability to prove ownership of property is the bedrock of the capitalist system.
Please give a read to this, “Banks Sold the Same Mortgage Over and Over to Investors”. This is what MERS wrought. BTW, they were securitizing mortgages since 1970 or thereabouts but MERS didn’t kick in until 1997 and didn’t really get going until 2004 (thanx GW). You can have mortgage securitization w/o a MERS system, was it really worth saving $22 per mortgage transfer to take us to here?
Scary stuff, darms. Thanks for the link. Hopefully that problem of properties being “duplicated” across multiple mortgage pools will turn out to affect only a small number of properties.
Don’t read too much into the allegations raised in the lawsuit.
I don’t understand why payments being received on the note couldn’t be placed in different investment vehicles. Why can’t you have principle tranches and interest tranches that belong to different securities?
I still don’t understand what this has to do with someone not being able to pay their mortgage or why the defaulted borrower would be entitled to a free house.
Honcho, my read on this was that 100% of a loan, in some cases, was being duplicated onto multiple mortgage pools, not just, say, 50% of it being placed into one pool and 50% into another.
Yeah, I don’t think any of this means borrowers should get free houses—the concern is that unwinding this mess will further delay a return to sanity in areas that haven’t fully corrected from bubble pricing. (Or in the worst-case scenario, that securitizing mortgages in the way they’ve been doing would be found to be illegal, but that seems pretty unlikely to occur without legislation quickly following on to legalize the existing system or something very close to it.)
How does a lender show to a court that he has standing to foreclose on a property. Wouldn’t all the transactions that lead to that lender being the one with standing have to be recorded in the official registry at the county office?
The MERS trustee has standing.
Another thought…
You don’t need to undo all the 60 millon unrecorded mortgages at once to unwind MERs. You only need to do the ones entering into foreclosure, the rest can be done over say 3-5 years.
wheneth dideth this comment section, dearest prudence, get taken over by lawyers?
we shall start here
It is a question of trust.
If you are going to take someone’s property by force of foreclosure, you must be sure that the person doing the foreclosing actually has the legal right to foreclose.
So how do you know who has that right? Well you look in the official registry at the county office to see who owns the note and who holds the mortgage.
But the lenders apparently want to circumvent that and use the MERS database alone to make that determination. But can you trust a private database of a firm that is owned by the lenders?
Isn’t there an conflict of interest here? The same people that are taking the property, i.e. the lenders, are also providing the evidence, through MERS a database that they control, that they are entitled to take the property. Not trustworthy.